Energy reserves or potential from natural resources
-In general, energy potential from neteral resources will be slightly changed each year. The change will become prominent when comparing the current data with those from past several years. Moreover, the known potential is uncertail values since several times the report figure obtained by random or incomplete exploration. therefore, the figures reported in document are the estimated values, not the actual values.
1 Liquid biofuels
The biomasses those can be used to produce biofuels are plam oil, coconut oil, molasses, and cassava. It was found that the potential of those that can be used for producing biodiesel are 16 Ktoe of plam oil, and 4 Ktoe of coconut oil. those that can be used for producing ethyl alcohol are 120 Ktoe of molasses, and 469 Ktoe of cassava. In 2003, the ethyl alcohol producing for using as fuel was 4.9 Ktoe
2 Biogas
Biogas can obtained by digesting manure, municipal waste, industrial wastewater. By estimation, the quantity of biogas produced from manure, municipal waste, and industrial wastewater were 322 Ktoe, 1 Ktoe, and 247 Ktoe, respectively. The biogas consumed as energy sources was estimated to be 22 Ktoe
3 Solid biomass
By gathering and estimating the quantities of solid biomass for direct combustion or gasification such as agricultural wastes, wood, charcoal, and municipal wastes, the estimated primary energy for each type of biomass were 30,613 Ktoe of agricultural wastes, 0.8 Ktoe of wood and charcoal, and 0.01 Ktoe of municipal wastes. The biomass consumed as energy sources was estimated to be 7,307 Ktoe.
4 Coal
From recent survey, the estimated coal reserve in Thailand is 337,177 Ktoe. there are 14 mines that are operating. coal consumtion was 6,989 Ktoe
5 Geothermal energy
The geothermal energy potential is estimated to be 527 Ktoe. In 2003, the energy produced from these sources were 0.1 Ktoe
6 Hydrogen energy
Hydrogen is byproduct from petroleum and petrochemical industries. From the servey, it was found that there are a few industries burned the excess hydrogen from the production line as heat sources. However, the quantity is negligible.
7 Hydro energy
hydro energy potential was calculated from the operating dams. The current potential is 2,068 Ktoe. The energy produced from these sources were 635 Ktoe
8 Methane from mine
Although the details related to the coal mines are available, the methane generated from the mines was not estimated, since the estimation is related to type of coals, the size of the mines. the latter information is not reported.
9 Natural gas
At current status, there are 43 reservoirs fuond. Their reserves were estimated
to be 363,907 Ktoe. In 2003, the natural gas consumption was 7,390 Ktoe.
10 Nuclear energy
By collecting information from related organization, it was found that there was a few explorations conducted and found the trace of radioactive materials. However, the detail exploration and reserve estimation were not available.
11 Oil shale
From recent survey, the estimated oil shale reserve in thailand is 2,233 Ktoe. There are 11 mines that operating. Currently, there is no oil shale consumption.
12 Solar energy
The solar potential estimated based on 1.0 persent of total area in country. The potential is equivalent to 554,071 Ktoe. In 2003, the energy produced from these sources were 0.1 Ktoe for heating and 0.5 Ktoe for electricity.
13 Tar sand
from recent survey, the quantity of tar sand reserve in thailand was not estimated. Currently, there is no tar sand consumption.
14 Tidal energy
The tidal energy potential as estimated to be 0.001 Ktoe, in 2003, there is no tidal energy consumption.
15 Wave energy
The wave energy potential as to be 0.5 Ktoe, in 2003, there is no wave energy consumption.
16 Wind energy
The wind potential as estimated to be 12 Ktoe , in 2003, the installed capacity of wind turbinet is 196 kW.
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